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"Internal and External Properties." Mind 71.2 (April 1963): 197-212.

"Definition of a Moral Judgement." Philosophy 39 (October 1964): 301-322. Reprinted in The Defintion of Morality, ed. Gerald Wallace and A. D. M. Walker (London: Methuen, 1970), pp. 119-145.

"A Utilitarian Reply to Dr. McCloskey’s ‘A Non-Utilitarian Approach to Punishment’." Inquiry 8 (Autumn 1965): 264-291. Reprinted as "A Utilitarian Reply to Dr. McCloskey" in Contemporary Utilitarianism, ed. Michael D. Bayle (Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1965), pp. 261-299. Reprinted in shortened form in Philosophical Perspectives on Punishment, ed. Gretrude Ezorsky (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1972), pp. 66-79.

"The Common-Sense View of Physical Objects." Inquiry 9 (Winter 1966): 339-373.

The Correspondence of Jeremy Bentham, 2 vols. Edited and annotated by T. L. S. Sprigge. London: Athlone Press, 1968. xliv + 383 pp. and xvi + 542 pp.

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"The Privacy of Experience." Mind 78.4 (October 1969): 512-521.

"Santayana and Verificationism." Inquiry 12.3 (Fall 1969): 265-286.

"Review Discussion: Santayana." Inquiry 12 (1969): 362-366.

Facts, Words and Beliefs. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1970. viii + 351 pp. Reprinted as Greggs Classic, 1995.

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"Glover on Responsibility." Inquiry 14 (1971): 464-471.

"Final Causes." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society Supplement 45 (1971): 149-170.

"Ideal Immortality." Southern Journal of Philosophy 10 (Summer 1972): 219-236.

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"Consciousness." In The Ontological Turn: Essays in the Philosophy of Gustav Bergmann, ed. E. Klemke and M. S. Gram (Ames: Iowa University Press, 1974), pp. 114-147.

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"Quinton’s Half-Hearted Ontology." Inquiry 18 (1975): 355-366.

"Reinhardt Grossmann’s Ontological Reduction." Nous 9 (1975): 429-445.

"Spinoza’s Identity Theory." Inquiry 20.4 (Winter 1977): 419-445. Reprinted in Philosophy Through Its Past, ed. Ted Honderich (Harmondsport: Pelican Books, 1984), pp. 145-174.

"The Animal Welfare Movement and the Foundations of Ethics." In Animal Rights: A Symposium, ed. David Paterson and Richard Ryder (Fontwell: Centaur Press, 1978), pp. 87-95.

"Language and Metaphysics." Theoria to Theory 12 (April 1978): 75-78.

"Metaphysical Enquiry." Theoria to Theory 12 (July 1978): 135-149.

"Bradley and Russell on Relations." In Bertrand Russell Memorial Volume, ed. George Roberts (London: Allen and Unwin, 1979), pp. 150-170.

"Metaphysics, Physicalism, and Animal Rights." Inquiry 22.2 (Summer 1979): 101-143.

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"James, Santayana, Tarski, and Pragmatism." In Pragmatism and Purpose: Essays Presented to Thomas Goudge, ed. L. W. Sumner et al. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1981), pp. 105-120.

"Knowledge of Subjectivity." Theoria to Theory 14 (June 1981): 313-325.

"Intellect at the Mercy of Will." Times Higher Education Supplement n. 433 (20 February 1982): 12.

"Honderich, Davidson, and the Question of Mental Holism." Inquiry 24 (October 1981): 323-342.

"The Importance of Subjectivity: An Inaugural Lecture." Inquiry 25.2 (June 1982): 143-163.

"Vivisection, Morals, Medicine: Commentary from an Anti-vivisectionist Philosopher." Journal of Medical Ethics 9.2 (June 1982): 98-100.

The Vindication of Absolute Idealism. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1983. xiv + 291 pp.

Theories of Existence: A Sequence of Essays on the Fundamental Questions of Philosophy. Harmondsworth: Pelican Books, 1984. 187 pp.

"The Self and its World in Bradley and Husserl." In The Philosophy of F. H. Bradley, ed. A. Manser and G. Stock. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984), pp. 285-302.

"Santayana and Panpsychism." Bulletin of the Santayana Society 2 (1984): 1-8.

"Non-Human Rights: An Idealist Perspective." Inquiry 27.4 (December 1984): 439-461.

"George Santayana." In American Philosophy, ed. Marcus G. Singer (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), pp. 115-133.

"Utilitarianism and Idealism: A ‘Rapprochement’." Philosophy 60 (October 1985): 447-464.

"Philosophers and Antivivisectionism." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 13.2 (December 1985): 99-106.

"Persuasiveness of High Probability Values – Reply." Reply to R. D. Marsh. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 14 (1986): 299-300.

"Philosophy and Common Sense." Revue Internationale de Philosophie 40(1986): 195-206.

The Rational Foundations of Ethics. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987. x + 283 pp.

"Are there Intrinsic Values in Nature?" Journal for Applied Philosophy 4.1 (March 1987): pp. 21-28. Reprinted in Applied Philosophy: Morals and Metaphysics in Contemporary Debate, eds. Brenda Almond and Donald Hill (London and New York: Routledge, 1991), pp. 37-44.

On the Significance of Spinoza’s Determinism. The 1988 annual lecture of the Vereniging Het Spinozahuis. Medelingen vanwege het Spinozahuis, 58. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1988. 16 pp.

"Les Regles Morales de L’Experimentation Animale." In Symposium Spéciale Pour La Securité et le Progrèes de la Recherche Biomédicale (Strasbourg, 1988), pp. 34-61.

"Utilitarianism." In An Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, ed. George H. R. Parkinson (London: Routledge, 1988), pp. 590-612.

"Schopenhauer and Bergson on Laughter." Comparative Criticism 10 (1988): 39-65.

"A Philosophical Journey to India." Edinburgh Philosophy Journal (1988).

"Do Animals have Rights?" Synapse, Edinburgh Medical School Journal (Summer 1987): pp. 19-23.

"Ethical Considerations on Animal Experimentation." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 14.4 (June 1987): 307-311.

"Personal and Impersonal Identity." Mind 97.1 (January 1988): 29-49.

"Intrinsic Connectedness." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 88 (1988): 129-145.

"Utilitarianism and Respect for Human Life." Utilitas 1.1 (May 1989): 1-21

"Personal and Impersonal Identity: A Reply to Oderberg." Mind 98.4 (October 1989): 605-610.

"The Ethics of Animal Use in Biomedicine." In The Importance of Animal Experimentation for Safety and Biomedical Research, ed. S. Garratini and D. W. van Bekkum (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1990), pp. 17-28. Translated as "L’Etica in Gabbia" in Sapere 95.6 (June 1992): pp 9-16.

"A. J. Ayer: An Appreciation of His Philosophy." Utilitas 2.1 (May 1990): pp. 2-11.

"Do Animals Have Rights?" Pamphlet published by The St. Andrew Animal Fund. 1990. 5 pp.

"The Ethics of Animal Experimentation." Pamphlet published by Advocates for Animals. 1990. 5 pp.

"The Satanic Novel: A Philosophical Dialogue on Blasphemy and Censorship." Inquiry 33.4 (December 1990): 377-400.

"Hartshorne On the Past." In The Philosophy of Charles Hartshorne, ed. Lewis E. Hahn (La Salle, Ill.: Open Court, 1991), pp. 397-414.

"Whitehead und Santayana." In Die Gifford Lectures und ihre Deutung: Materialen zu Whitehead’s Prozess und Realitat, eds. Michael Hampe and Helmut Maassen (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1991), pp. 121-141. The English version was later published as "Whitehead and Santayana," Process Studies 28.1-2 (Spring-Summer 1999): 43-55.

Articles in Handbook of Metaphysics and Ontology, 2 vols., ed. H. Burkhardt and B. Smith. T. L. S. Sprigge, collaborating editor. Munch: Philosophia Verlag, 1991. Articles: The Absolute; Idealism/Realism; William James; James M. E. McTaggart; Monism/Pluralism; Panpsychism; Pantheism; Internal Relations; Josiah Royce; George Santayana; Schopenhauer; Spinoza.

"Some Recent Positions in Environmental Philosophy Examined." Inquiry 34.l (March 1991): 107-128.

"The Greatest Happiness Principle." Utilitas 3.1 (May 1991): 38-51.

"William James 1960-1990." British Society for the History of Philosophy Newsletter no. 6 (Spring 1991): 14-29.

"Ayer On Other Minds." In The Philosophy of A. J. Ayer, ed. Lewis E. Hahn (La Salle, Ill.: Open Court, 1992), pp. 577-595.

"Fundamentalism and International Law." In International Law and Armed Conflict, ed. A. G. D. Bradney (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1992), pp. 103-108.

"Refined and Crass Supernaturalism." In Philosophy, Religion and the Spiritual Life, ed. Michael McGhee (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), pp. 105-125.

Articles in Encyclopedia of Ethics, ed. L. C. Becker (New York: Garland Publishing, 1992). Articles: Idealist Ethics; Santayana.

"The Unreality of Time." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 92 (1992): 1-19.

Religion Without the Supernatural: Spinoza and Santayana. Lecture delivered at the Spinoza Lyceum in Amsterdam for the Vereniging Het Spinozahuis. Medelingen vanwege het Spinozahuis, 69. Delft: Eburon, 1993. 26 pp.

"Is Dennett a Disillusioned Zimbo?" Inquiry 36.1-2 (March 1993): 33-57.

James and Bradley: American Truth and British Reality. Chicago: Open Court, 1993. xiv + 630 pp.

"Spinoza on God and Nature." The Edinburgh Star (Journal of the Edinburgh Jewish Community) no. 15 (May 1993): 18-22.

"Animal Experimentation in Biomedical Research: A Critique." In Principles of Health Care Ethics, ed. Raanan Gillon (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1994), pp. 1053-1066.

"Bradley." Chapter 15 of Routledge History of Philosophy, vol. 7: The Nineteenth Century, ed. C. L. Ten (London: Routledge, 1994), pp. 437-458.

"Consciousness." Synthese 98.1 (January 1994): 73-93.

"Idealism contra Idealism: The Conceptual Idealism of Nicholas Rescher." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 54.2 (June 1994): 408-414.

Article in Dictionary of Theology and Society, eds. Paul A. B. Clarke and Andrew Linzey (London: Routledge, 1995). Article: Teleological Ethics.

"Bradley and Christianity." Bradley Studies Volume 1, Number 1. Spring 1995, pp. 69-85.

"Guidizio e verità nel pensiero di. F. H. Bradley." In I problemi della pedagogia 41.2-3 (March-June 1995): 275-305.

"Idealism, Humanism and the Environment." In Current Issues in Idealism, ed. Paul Coates and Daniel D. Hutto (Bristol: Thoemmes Press, 1996), pp. 267-302.

"Absolute Idealism." Philosophical Writings 2 (May 1996): 82-97.

"Orientations." Philosophical Writings 2 (May 1996): 98-100.

"A Reply to Joseph Bernstein." Journal of Medical Ethics 22.5 (October 1996): 302-303.

"Commentary on ‘Minds, Memes, and Multiples’." Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 3.1 (March 1996): 31-36.

"Bird on Sprigge on Bird: A Reply." Bradley Studies 2.2 (Autumn 1996): 117-128.

"Respect for the Non-Human." In The Philosophy of the Environment, ed. Timothy Chappell (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1997), pp. 117-134.

Article in Penguin Dictionary of Philosophy, ed. Thomas Mautner (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1997). Article: Santayana.

"Kerr-Lawson on Truth and Santayana." Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 33.1 (Winter 1997): 113-130.

"Spinoza and Indexicals." Inquiry 40.1 (March 1997): 3-22.

"Pantheism." Monist 80.2 (April 1997): 191-217.

"The Absolute Idealism of Josiah Royce." The Philosophers’ Magazine no. 1 (Winter 1997): 32-33.

"Bradley’s Doctrine of the Absolute." In Appearance versus Reality: New Essays on Bradley’s Metaphysics, ed. Guy Stock (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998), pp. 193-217.

Articles in Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. Edward Craig (London: Routledge, 1998). Articles: The Absolute; Idealism; Panpsychism.

"Consciousness: A Panpsychist’s View." The Philosophers’ Magazine no. 2 (Spring 1998): 42-45.

"Is Spinozism a Religion?" Studia Spinozana 11 (1995): 137-162.

"James, Aboutness and His British Critics." In The Cambridge Companion to William James, ed. Ruth Anna Putnam (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp. 124-144.

"The God of the Philosophers." Studies in World Christianity 4.2 (1998): 149-172.

"Has Speculative Metaphysics a Future?" Monist 81.4 (October 1998): 513-533.

"The Relation between Jeremy Bentham’s Psychological and his Ethical Hedonism." In The Philosophical Age Almanac, vol. 9: The Science of Morality: J. Bentham and Russia (St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University, 1999), pp. 19-43.

"Freedom is Necessity." The Philosophers’ Magazine no. 6 (Spring 1999): 46-50.

"Dreyfus and Spinoza on Things-in-Themselves." Inquiry 42 (1999): 115-124.

"The Relation between Jeremy Bentham’s Psychological, and his Ethical, Hedonism." Utilitas 11.3 (November 1999): 296-319.

"Is Consciousness Mysterious?" Anthropology and Philosophy 3.2 (1999): 5-19.

"James’s Divided Self." British Journal for the History of Philosophy 7 (1999): 145-155.

Metaphysics: The Classic Readings, ed. David E. Cooper. T. L. S. Sprigge, Advisory Editor. Oxford: Blackwell, 2000.

"Is Pity the Basis of Ethics? Nietzche versus Schopenhauer." In The Basis of Ethics, ed. William Sweet (Milwaukee, Wis.: Marquette University Press, 2000), pp. 103-125.

"Review of Margaret Gullan-Whur, Within Reason: A Life of Spinoza; and Steven Nadler, Spinoza: A Life." International Philosophical Quarterly pp. 91-97.

"The Absolute Idealism of Josiah Royce." In Anglo-American Idealism, 1865-1927, ed. W. J. Mander (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2000), pp. 141-162.

"Is the Esse of Intrinsic Value Percipi? Pleasure, Pain and Value." In Philosophy, the Good, the True and the Beautiful, ed. Anthony O’Hear (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 119-140.

"The World of Description and the World of Acquaintance." In Beyond Conflict and Reduction: Between Philosophy, Science and Religion, ed. William Desmond, John Steffen and Koen Decoster (Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2001), pp. 9-30.

Articles in Encyclopedia of Ethics, 2^nd ed, eds. L. C. Becker and C. B. Becker (New York: Garland, 2001). Articles: Ayer; Idealist Ethics; Organic Unities; Naturalistic Fallacy; Santayana.

"Review of W. J. Mander and C. A. Keene, eds., Collected Works of F. H. Bradley, vol. 4: Selected Correspondence, 1872-1904." Bradley Studies 7.1 (Spring 2001): 78-100.

"The Mind of Spinoza’s God." Iyyun: Jerusalem Philosophical Quarterly 50 (July 2001).

"A. J. Ayer." In A Companion to Analytic Philosophy, eds. David Sosa and Al Martinich (Oxford: Blackwell, 2001).

"Spinoza and the Motives of Right Action: Some Remarks on Spinoza’s Ethics." In Spinoza by 2000: The Jerusalem Conferences, vol. 4: Spinoza’s Ethics, ed. Yirmiyahu Yovel (Leiden: E. J. Brill, forthcoming).